D.
Barrie Clarke, The Canadian Mineralogist, 1998, 36. 933
By far the oddest and darkest corner of the igneous
realm is the one containing the alkaline rocks. The nomenclature is arcane,
definitions are obscure, the classification is convoluted, and petrogenesis
is complex. Some people live full-time in that corner and understand these
things; the rest of us are hopelessly lost much of the time. Roger Mitchell's
new petrographic atlas of kimberlites, orangeites, lamproites, melilitites
and minettes sheds some much needed light in a part of this dark corner
and makes clear in a six page summary text and in 400
outstanding color images the similarities and differences in a
petrologically and economically important group of igneous rocks.
Petrographic
rendering has evolved considerably over the decade The epitome of black-and-white
line drawings in Petrology of the Igneous Rocks by Hatch, Wells and Wells,
dates back more than a century. Then came an era of fuzzy black-and-white
photomicrographic atlases (typified by the various Augustithis atlases)
which eventually evolved into atlases of sharp color images ( e.g. the
MacKenzie, Donaldson and Guilford atlas of igneous rocks ) Mitchell's
atlas is the epitome of color. It uses uniformly sharp, large (10.3
x 15.2 cm), true color images in plane polarized light (Ppl) and crossed
nicols (xn), and false-color back-scattered electron (bse) images. Many
subjects have been photographed at several different magnifications to
permit an overview of the whole rock as well as a detailed examination
of the groundmass. The result is eye-strain-free
petrography at its best.
Roger Mitchell 's petrographic atlas of an important subset of alkaline
rocks is an outstanding and indispensable reference
for libraries, and essential for anyone doing pure or applied research
with these types of rocks.
Barbara
Scott Smith, Economic Geology, 1999, 94, 144
This
atlas presents an outstanding collection of 400 photomicrographs that
provide a unique petrographic guided tour
through an unusual and fascinating subset of alkaline rocks. Rocks of
this type commonly do not occur as outcrops, typically are altered at
the surface, often found within mineral claims, and thus, are difficult
to access for sampling. Readers are given a rare
opportunity to view these rocks in considerable detail.
The
rock types discussed are of interest to both academic and exploration
geologists. These magmas derive from metasomatised lithospheric and asthenospheric
mantle sources, and some of the rocks represent parental magmas. They
also commonly carry xenoliths and/or xenocrysts of the mantle, including
diamond. Most of the plates are of kimberlite, the main primary source
of diamond. Lamproites and orangeite, the other primary sources of diamond,
are also well represented. Many of the samples come from mines or prospects.
The remaining two rock types, minettes and melilitites, although considered
uneconomic, are frequently encountered during exploration. Distinction
of the different rock types is a vital part of both exploration programs
and petrogenetic studies. The distinction, however, is not always straightforward,
given that contrasting rocks may belong to the same petrological clan
(rock type) and petrographically similar rocks may belong to different
clans.
The
rock types covered in this atlas are diverse and complex. All studies
of them, whatever the purpose, must be based on petrographic investigations.
In recent years a number of publications, including Mitchell's trilogy
of books, have dealt with different aspects of the nature of these rock
types, and have advanced the nomenclature of them. The major drawback
of most of the publications is that they lack illustrations of the unusual
mineralogies and textures. When used with the previous specialist publications,
the atlas will be of great value to both the novice
and specialist in the identification, classification and understanding
of the rocks.
Summaries
of the main terminology and classification schemes are succinctly presented
in eight pages at the beginning of the book. The summary includes the
recognition of different petrological clans (or rock types) that has been
achieved by establishing petrographic definitions based upon petrographic
criteria. The definitions use typomorphic mineral assemblages, most of
which are clearly illustrated in the atlas. The other aspect of nomenclature
deals with textures and their classification. Textures reflect the mode
of emplacment of any rock and are used in ore evaluation and volcanological
investigations. Some of the magmas forming these rocks, in particular
kimberlites, have unique characteristics that result in different styles
of emplacment which produce textures not found in other "more normal"
rocks. A good cross-section of the characteristic textures is covered
in this book. Mitchell's interpretations of some of the more complex textures
produced during different processes of magma disruption in kimberlites
may be debated by other petrographers.
The
photomicrographs successfully illustrate the main petrographic features
of these rock types as well as their contrasting and diverse mineralogies
and textures.
Samples have been collected from around the world, including many type
areas. While the plates include only thin sections, a variety of views
are used depending upon what best highlights the different features (transmitted
light and cross-polarized light are used, and false-colored backscatter
images are shown at selected magnifications). Each plate is accompanied
by a description. captions adjacent to the plates are kept to a minimum
to allow a large format for the photograph (15 x 10 cm), a feature that
definitely offsets what some might see as a disadvantage - the inconvenience
of having the more detailed descriptions given at the back of the book.
Mitchell's
atlas provides an authoritative pictorial guide to these unusual and important
rocks. It will be an invaluable reference book for anyone interested in
learning more about these rocks, and is essential for those investigating
these or similar rock types, and should be useful to those teaching petrography.
Petrographers,
it is said, are only as good as the number of rocks they have examined,
and this atlas provides an opportunity to see many.
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